Cooperative Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Question Answering: Mutual Information Exchange and Ranking by Contrasting Layerscs.AI updates on arXiv.org arXiv:2512.10422v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Since large language models (LLMs) have a tendency to generate factually inaccurate output, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has gained significant attention as a key means to mitigate this downside of harnessing only LLMs. However, existing RAG methods for simple and multi-hop question answering (QA) are still prone to incorrect retrievals and hallucinations. To address these limitations, we propose CoopRAG, a novel RAG framework for the question answering task in which a retriever and an LLM work cooperatively with each other by exchanging informative knowledge, and the earlier and later layers of the retriever model work cooperatively with each other to accurately rank the retrieved documents relevant to a given query. In this framework, we (i) unroll a question into sub-questions and a reasoning chain in which uncertain positions are masked, (ii) retrieve the documents relevant to the question augmented with the sub-questions and the reasoning chain, (iii) rerank the documents by contrasting layers of the retriever, and (iv) reconstruct the reasoning chain by filling the masked positions via the LLM. Our experiments demonstrate that CoopRAG consistently outperforms state-of-the-art QA methods on three multi-hop QA datasets as well as a simple QA dataset in terms of both the retrieval and QA performances. Our code is available.
arXiv:2512.10422v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Since large language models (LLMs) have a tendency to generate factually inaccurate output, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has gained significant attention as a key means to mitigate this downside of harnessing only LLMs. However, existing RAG methods for simple and multi-hop question answering (QA) are still prone to incorrect retrievals and hallucinations. To address these limitations, we propose CoopRAG, a novel RAG framework for the question answering task in which a retriever and an LLM work cooperatively with each other by exchanging informative knowledge, and the earlier and later layers of the retriever model work cooperatively with each other to accurately rank the retrieved documents relevant to a given query. In this framework, we (i) unroll a question into sub-questions and a reasoning chain in which uncertain positions are masked, (ii) retrieve the documents relevant to the question augmented with the sub-questions and the reasoning chain, (iii) rerank the documents by contrasting layers of the retriever, and (iv) reconstruct the reasoning chain by filling the masked positions via the LLM. Our experiments demonstrate that CoopRAG consistently outperforms state-of-the-art QA methods on three multi-hop QA datasets as well as a simple QA dataset in terms of both the retrieval and QA performances. Our code is available. Read More
Chain-of-Evidence Multimodal Reasoning for Few-shot Temporal Action Localizationcs.AI updates on arXiv.org arXiv:2504.13460v4 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Traditional temporal action localization (TAL) methods rely on large amounts of detailed annotated data, whereas few-shot TAL reduces this dependence by using only a few training samples to identify unseen action categories. However, existing few-shot TAL methods typically focus solely on video-level information, neglecting textual information, which can provide valuable semantic support for the action localization task. To address these issues, in this work, we propose a new few-shot temporal action localization method by Chain-of-Evidence multimodal reasoning to improve localization performance. Specifically, we design a novel few-shot learning framework to capture action commonalities and variations, which includes a semantic-aware text-visual alignment module designed to align the query and support videos at different levels. Meanwhile, to better express the temporal dependencies and causal relationships between actions at the textual level, we design a Chain-of-Evidence (CoE) reasoning method that progressively guides the Vision Language Model (VLM) and Large Language Model (LLM) to generate CoE text descriptions for videos. The generated texts can capture more variance of action than visual features. We conduct extensive experiments on the publicly available ActivityNet1.3, THUMOS14 and our newly collected Human-related Anomaly Localization Dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method significantly outperforms existing methods in single-instance and multi-instance scenarios. Our source code and data are available at https://github.com/MICLAB-BUPT/VAL-VLM.
arXiv:2504.13460v4 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Traditional temporal action localization (TAL) methods rely on large amounts of detailed annotated data, whereas few-shot TAL reduces this dependence by using only a few training samples to identify unseen action categories. However, existing few-shot TAL methods typically focus solely on video-level information, neglecting textual information, which can provide valuable semantic support for the action localization task. To address these issues, in this work, we propose a new few-shot temporal action localization method by Chain-of-Evidence multimodal reasoning to improve localization performance. Specifically, we design a novel few-shot learning framework to capture action commonalities and variations, which includes a semantic-aware text-visual alignment module designed to align the query and support videos at different levels. Meanwhile, to better express the temporal dependencies and causal relationships between actions at the textual level, we design a Chain-of-Evidence (CoE) reasoning method that progressively guides the Vision Language Model (VLM) and Large Language Model (LLM) to generate CoE text descriptions for videos. The generated texts can capture more variance of action than visual features. We conduct extensive experiments on the publicly available ActivityNet1.3, THUMOS14 and our newly collected Human-related Anomaly Localization Dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method significantly outperforms existing methods in single-instance and multi-instance scenarios. Our source code and data are available at https://github.com/MICLAB-BUPT/VAL-VLM. Read More
Explainable AI for Classifying UTI Risk Groups Using a Real-World Linked EHR and Pathology Lab Datasetcs.AI updates on arXiv.org arXiv:2411.17645v4 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: The use of machine learning and AI on electronic health records (EHRs) holds substantial potential for clinical insight. However, this approach faces challenges due to data heterogeneity, sparsity, temporal misalignment, and limited labeled outcomes. In this context, we leverage a linked EHR dataset of approximately one million de-identified individuals from Bristol, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire, UK, to characterize urinary tract infections (UTIs). We implemented a data pre-processing and curation pipeline that transforms the raw EHR data into a structured format suitable for developing predictive models focused on data fairness, accountability and transparency. Given the limited availability and biases of ground truth UTI outcomes, we introduce a UTI risk estimation framework informed by clinical expertise to estimate UTI risk across individual patient timelines. Pairwise XGBoost models are trained using this framework to differentiate UTI risk categories with explainable AI techniques applied to identify key predictors and support interpretability. Our findings reveal differences in clinical and demographic predictors across risk groups. While this study highlights the potential of AI-driven insights to support UTI clinical decision-making, further investigation of patient sub-strata and extensive validation are needed to ensure robustness and applicability in clinical practice.
arXiv:2411.17645v4 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: The use of machine learning and AI on electronic health records (EHRs) holds substantial potential for clinical insight. However, this approach faces challenges due to data heterogeneity, sparsity, temporal misalignment, and limited labeled outcomes. In this context, we leverage a linked EHR dataset of approximately one million de-identified individuals from Bristol, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire, UK, to characterize urinary tract infections (UTIs). We implemented a data pre-processing and curation pipeline that transforms the raw EHR data into a structured format suitable for developing predictive models focused on data fairness, accountability and transparency. Given the limited availability and biases of ground truth UTI outcomes, we introduce a UTI risk estimation framework informed by clinical expertise to estimate UTI risk across individual patient timelines. Pairwise XGBoost models are trained using this framework to differentiate UTI risk categories with explainable AI techniques applied to identify key predictors and support interpretability. Our findings reveal differences in clinical and demographic predictors across risk groups. While this study highlights the potential of AI-driven insights to support UTI clinical decision-making, further investigation of patient sub-strata and extensive validation are needed to ensure robustness and applicability in clinical practice. Read More
Unsloth AI and NVIDIA are Revolutionizing Local LLM Fine-Tuning: From RTX Desktops to DGX SparkMarkTechPost Fine-tune popular AI models faster with Unsloth on NVIDIA RTX AI PCs such as GeForce RTX desktops and laptops to RTX PRO workstations and the new DGX Spark to build personalized assistants for coding, creative work, and complex agentic workflows. The landscape of modern AI is shifting. We are moving away from a total reliance
The post Unsloth AI and NVIDIA are Revolutionizing Local LLM Fine-Tuning: From RTX Desktops to DGX Spark appeared first on MarkTechPost.
Fine-tune popular AI models faster with Unsloth on NVIDIA RTX AI PCs such as GeForce RTX desktops and laptops to RTX PRO workstations and the new DGX Spark to build personalized assistants for coding, creative work, and complex agentic workflows. The landscape of modern AI is shifting. We are moving away from a total reliance
The post Unsloth AI and NVIDIA are Revolutionizing Local LLM Fine-Tuning: From RTX Desktops to DGX Spark appeared first on MarkTechPost. Read More
4 Ways to Supercharge Your Data Science Workflow with Google AI StudioTowards Data Science With concrete examples of using AI Studio Build mode to learn faster, prototype smarter, communicate clearer, and automate quicker.
The post 4 Ways to Supercharge Your Data Science Workflow with Google AI Studio appeared first on Towards Data Science.
With concrete examples of using AI Studio Build mode to learn faster, prototype smarter, communicate clearer, and automate quicker.
The post 4 Ways to Supercharge Your Data Science Workflow with Google AI Studio appeared first on Towards Data Science. Read More
Hosting Language Models on a BudgetKDnuggets Learn how to run your own language model for free using lightweight models and Hugging Face Spaces.
Learn how to run your own language model for free using lightweight models and Hugging Face Spaces. Read More
The Subset Sum Problem Solved in Linear Time for Dense Enough InputsTowards Data Science An optimal solution to the well-known NP-complete problem, when the input values are close enough to each other.
The post The Subset Sum Problem Solved in Linear Time for Dense Enough Inputs appeared first on Towards Data Science.
An optimal solution to the well-known NP-complete problem, when the input values are close enough to each other.
The post The Subset Sum Problem Solved in Linear Time for Dense Enough Inputs appeared first on Towards Data Science. Read More
5 Top AI-Powered App BuildersKDnuggets Take a tour of 5 of the most popular AI-powered app builders out there to leverage automation in the process of building software.
Take a tour of 5 of the most popular AI-powered app builders out there to leverage automation in the process of building software. Read More
Evaluating chain-of-thought monitorabilityOpenAI News OpenAI introduces a new framework and evaluation suite for chain-of-thought monitorability, covering 13 evaluations across 24 environments. Our findings show that monitoring a model’s internal reasoning is far more effective than monitoring outputs alone, offering a promising path toward scalable control as AI systems grow more capable.
OpenAI introduces a new framework and evaluation suite for chain-of-thought monitorability, covering 13 evaluations across 24 environments. Our findings show that monitoring a model’s internal reasoning is far more effective than monitoring outputs alone, offering a promising path toward scalable control as AI systems grow more capable. Read More
Guided learning lets “untrainable” neural networks realize their potentialMIT News – Machine learning CSAIL researchers find even “untrainable” neural nets can learn effectively when guided by another network’s built-in biases using their guidance method.
CSAIL researchers find even “untrainable” neural nets can learn effectively when guided by another network’s built-in biases using their guidance method. Read More