Control-Augmented Autoregressive Diffusion for Data Assimilationcs.AI updates on arXiv.org arXiv:2510.06637v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Despite recent advances in test-time scaling and finetuning of diffusion models, guidance in Auto-Regressive Diffusion Models (ARDMs) remains underexplored. We introduce an amortized framework that augments a pretrained ARDM with a lightweight controller network, trained offline by previewing future rollouts to output stepwise controls that anticipate upcoming observations under a terminal-cost objective. Our approach is motivated by viewing guided generation as an entropy-regularized stochastic optimal control problem over ARDM trajectories: we learn a reusable policy that injects small control corrections inside each denoising sub-step while remaining anchored to the pretrained dynamics. We evaluate this framework in the context of data assimilation (DA) for chaotic spatiotemporal partial differential equations (PDEs), where existing methods can be computationally prohibitive and prone to forecast drift under sparse observations. At inference, DA reduces to a single causal forward rollout with on-the-fly corrections, requiring neither adjoint computations nor gradient-based optimization, and yields an order-of-magnitude speedup over strong diffusion-based DA baselines. Across two canonical PDEs and six observation regimes, our method consistently improves stability, accuracy, and physics-aware fidelity over state-of-the-art baselines. We will release code and checkpoints publicly.
arXiv:2510.06637v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Despite recent advances in test-time scaling and finetuning of diffusion models, guidance in Auto-Regressive Diffusion Models (ARDMs) remains underexplored. We introduce an amortized framework that augments a pretrained ARDM with a lightweight controller network, trained offline by previewing future rollouts to output stepwise controls that anticipate upcoming observations under a terminal-cost objective. Our approach is motivated by viewing guided generation as an entropy-regularized stochastic optimal control problem over ARDM trajectories: we learn a reusable policy that injects small control corrections inside each denoising sub-step while remaining anchored to the pretrained dynamics. We evaluate this framework in the context of data assimilation (DA) for chaotic spatiotemporal partial differential equations (PDEs), where existing methods can be computationally prohibitive and prone to forecast drift under sparse observations. At inference, DA reduces to a single causal forward rollout with on-the-fly corrections, requiring neither adjoint computations nor gradient-based optimization, and yields an order-of-magnitude speedup over strong diffusion-based DA baselines. Across two canonical PDEs and six observation regimes, our method consistently improves stability, accuracy, and physics-aware fidelity over state-of-the-art baselines. We will release code and checkpoints publicly. Read More
Cooperative Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Question Answering: Mutual Information Exchange and Ranking by Contrasting Layerscs.AI updates on arXiv.org arXiv:2512.10422v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Since large language models (LLMs) have a tendency to generate factually inaccurate output, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has gained significant attention as a key means to mitigate this downside of harnessing only LLMs. However, existing RAG methods for simple and multi-hop question answering (QA) are still prone to incorrect retrievals and hallucinations. To address these limitations, we propose CoopRAG, a novel RAG framework for the question answering task in which a retriever and an LLM work cooperatively with each other by exchanging informative knowledge, and the earlier and later layers of the retriever model work cooperatively with each other to accurately rank the retrieved documents relevant to a given query. In this framework, we (i) unroll a question into sub-questions and a reasoning chain in which uncertain positions are masked, (ii) retrieve the documents relevant to the question augmented with the sub-questions and the reasoning chain, (iii) rerank the documents by contrasting layers of the retriever, and (iv) reconstruct the reasoning chain by filling the masked positions via the LLM. Our experiments demonstrate that CoopRAG consistently outperforms state-of-the-art QA methods on three multi-hop QA datasets as well as a simple QA dataset in terms of both the retrieval and QA performances. Our code is available.
arXiv:2512.10422v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Since large language models (LLMs) have a tendency to generate factually inaccurate output, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has gained significant attention as a key means to mitigate this downside of harnessing only LLMs. However, existing RAG methods for simple and multi-hop question answering (QA) are still prone to incorrect retrievals and hallucinations. To address these limitations, we propose CoopRAG, a novel RAG framework for the question answering task in which a retriever and an LLM work cooperatively with each other by exchanging informative knowledge, and the earlier and later layers of the retriever model work cooperatively with each other to accurately rank the retrieved documents relevant to a given query. In this framework, we (i) unroll a question into sub-questions and a reasoning chain in which uncertain positions are masked, (ii) retrieve the documents relevant to the question augmented with the sub-questions and the reasoning chain, (iii) rerank the documents by contrasting layers of the retriever, and (iv) reconstruct the reasoning chain by filling the masked positions via the LLM. Our experiments demonstrate that CoopRAG consistently outperforms state-of-the-art QA methods on three multi-hop QA datasets as well as a simple QA dataset in terms of both the retrieval and QA performances. Our code is available. Read More
Chain-of-Evidence Multimodal Reasoning for Few-shot Temporal Action Localizationcs.AI updates on arXiv.org arXiv:2504.13460v4 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Traditional temporal action localization (TAL) methods rely on large amounts of detailed annotated data, whereas few-shot TAL reduces this dependence by using only a few training samples to identify unseen action categories. However, existing few-shot TAL methods typically focus solely on video-level information, neglecting textual information, which can provide valuable semantic support for the action localization task. To address these issues, in this work, we propose a new few-shot temporal action localization method by Chain-of-Evidence multimodal reasoning to improve localization performance. Specifically, we design a novel few-shot learning framework to capture action commonalities and variations, which includes a semantic-aware text-visual alignment module designed to align the query and support videos at different levels. Meanwhile, to better express the temporal dependencies and causal relationships between actions at the textual level, we design a Chain-of-Evidence (CoE) reasoning method that progressively guides the Vision Language Model (VLM) and Large Language Model (LLM) to generate CoE text descriptions for videos. The generated texts can capture more variance of action than visual features. We conduct extensive experiments on the publicly available ActivityNet1.3, THUMOS14 and our newly collected Human-related Anomaly Localization Dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method significantly outperforms existing methods in single-instance and multi-instance scenarios. Our source code and data are available at https://github.com/MICLAB-BUPT/VAL-VLM.
arXiv:2504.13460v4 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Traditional temporal action localization (TAL) methods rely on large amounts of detailed annotated data, whereas few-shot TAL reduces this dependence by using only a few training samples to identify unseen action categories. However, existing few-shot TAL methods typically focus solely on video-level information, neglecting textual information, which can provide valuable semantic support for the action localization task. To address these issues, in this work, we propose a new few-shot temporal action localization method by Chain-of-Evidence multimodal reasoning to improve localization performance. Specifically, we design a novel few-shot learning framework to capture action commonalities and variations, which includes a semantic-aware text-visual alignment module designed to align the query and support videos at different levels. Meanwhile, to better express the temporal dependencies and causal relationships between actions at the textual level, we design a Chain-of-Evidence (CoE) reasoning method that progressively guides the Vision Language Model (VLM) and Large Language Model (LLM) to generate CoE text descriptions for videos. The generated texts can capture more variance of action than visual features. We conduct extensive experiments on the publicly available ActivityNet1.3, THUMOS14 and our newly collected Human-related Anomaly Localization Dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method significantly outperforms existing methods in single-instance and multi-instance scenarios. Our source code and data are available at https://github.com/MICLAB-BUPT/VAL-VLM. Read More
Explainable AI for Classifying UTI Risk Groups Using a Real-World Linked EHR and Pathology Lab Datasetcs.AI updates on arXiv.org arXiv:2411.17645v4 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: The use of machine learning and AI on electronic health records (EHRs) holds substantial potential for clinical insight. However, this approach faces challenges due to data heterogeneity, sparsity, temporal misalignment, and limited labeled outcomes. In this context, we leverage a linked EHR dataset of approximately one million de-identified individuals from Bristol, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire, UK, to characterize urinary tract infections (UTIs). We implemented a data pre-processing and curation pipeline that transforms the raw EHR data into a structured format suitable for developing predictive models focused on data fairness, accountability and transparency. Given the limited availability and biases of ground truth UTI outcomes, we introduce a UTI risk estimation framework informed by clinical expertise to estimate UTI risk across individual patient timelines. Pairwise XGBoost models are trained using this framework to differentiate UTI risk categories with explainable AI techniques applied to identify key predictors and support interpretability. Our findings reveal differences in clinical and demographic predictors across risk groups. While this study highlights the potential of AI-driven insights to support UTI clinical decision-making, further investigation of patient sub-strata and extensive validation are needed to ensure robustness and applicability in clinical practice.
arXiv:2411.17645v4 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: The use of machine learning and AI on electronic health records (EHRs) holds substantial potential for clinical insight. However, this approach faces challenges due to data heterogeneity, sparsity, temporal misalignment, and limited labeled outcomes. In this context, we leverage a linked EHR dataset of approximately one million de-identified individuals from Bristol, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire, UK, to characterize urinary tract infections (UTIs). We implemented a data pre-processing and curation pipeline that transforms the raw EHR data into a structured format suitable for developing predictive models focused on data fairness, accountability and transparency. Given the limited availability and biases of ground truth UTI outcomes, we introduce a UTI risk estimation framework informed by clinical expertise to estimate UTI risk across individual patient timelines. Pairwise XGBoost models are trained using this framework to differentiate UTI risk categories with explainable AI techniques applied to identify key predictors and support interpretability. Our findings reveal differences in clinical and demographic predictors across risk groups. While this study highlights the potential of AI-driven insights to support UTI clinical decision-making, further investigation of patient sub-strata and extensive validation are needed to ensure robustness and applicability in clinical practice. Read More
Unsloth AI and NVIDIA are Revolutionizing Local LLM Fine-Tuning: From RTX Desktops to DGX SparkMarkTechPost Fine-tune popular AI models faster with Unsloth on NVIDIA RTX AI PCs such as GeForce RTX desktops and laptops to RTX PRO workstations and the new DGX Spark to build personalized assistants for coding, creative work, and complex agentic workflows. The landscape of modern AI is shifting. We are moving away from a total reliance
The post Unsloth AI and NVIDIA are Revolutionizing Local LLM Fine-Tuning: From RTX Desktops to DGX Spark appeared first on MarkTechPost.
Fine-tune popular AI models faster with Unsloth on NVIDIA RTX AI PCs such as GeForce RTX desktops and laptops to RTX PRO workstations and the new DGX Spark to build personalized assistants for coding, creative work, and complex agentic workflows. The landscape of modern AI is shifting. We are moving away from a total reliance
The post Unsloth AI and NVIDIA are Revolutionizing Local LLM Fine-Tuning: From RTX Desktops to DGX Spark appeared first on MarkTechPost. Read More
Guided learning lets “untrainable” neural networks realize their potentialMIT News – Machine learning CSAIL researchers find even “untrainable” neural nets can learn effectively when guided by another network’s built-in biases using their guidance method.
CSAIL researchers find even “untrainable” neural nets can learn effectively when guided by another network’s built-in biases using their guidance method. Read More
The Machine Learning “Advent Calendar” Day 18: Neural Network Classifier in ExcelTowards Data Science Neural networks are often presented as black boxes, hidden behind high-level libraries and abstract concepts.
In this article, we build a neural network classifier from scratch using Excel, with every computation written explicitly.
Starting from forward propagation and ending with backpropagation, we show how the model is defined as a simple mathematical function and how its parameters are learned using gradient descent. No shortcuts, no hidden steps, just the mechanics that make neural networks work.
The post The Machine Learning “Advent Calendar” Day 18: Neural Network Classifier in Excel appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Neural networks are often presented as black boxes, hidden behind high-level libraries and abstract concepts.
In this article, we build a neural network classifier from scratch using Excel, with every computation written explicitly.
Starting from forward propagation and ending with backpropagation, we show how the model is defined as a simple mathematical function and how its parameters are learned using gradient descent. No shortcuts, no hidden steps, just the mechanics that make neural networks work.
The post The Machine Learning “Advent Calendar” Day 18: Neural Network Classifier in Excel appeared first on Towards Data Science. Read More
Hosting Language Models on a BudgetKDnuggets Learn how to run your own language model for free using lightweight models and Hugging Face Spaces.
Learn how to run your own language model for free using lightweight models and Hugging Face Spaces. Read More
The Subset Sum Problem Solved in Linear Time for Dense Enough InputsTowards Data Science An optimal solution to the well-known NP-complete problem, when the input values are close enough to each other.
The post The Subset Sum Problem Solved in Linear Time for Dense Enough Inputs appeared first on Towards Data Science.
An optimal solution to the well-known NP-complete problem, when the input values are close enough to each other.
The post The Subset Sum Problem Solved in Linear Time for Dense Enough Inputs appeared first on Towards Data Science. Read More
5 Top AI-Powered App BuildersKDnuggets Take a tour of 5 of the most popular AI-powered app builders out there to leverage automation in the process of building software.
Take a tour of 5 of the most popular AI-powered app builders out there to leverage automation in the process of building software. Read More